Europe and Ukraine are entering a phase of prolonged meteorological crisis. A powerful anticyclone formed over North Africa is creating a so-called "heat dome" over the continent, which will block air mass circulation and trap extremely high temperatures for a week or more.

The Physics of Heat: How the "Heat Dome" Works

According to Vitaliy Postrihany, head of the Cherkasy Regional Hydrometeorological Center, the situation is developing according to the scenario of a "lid on a hot pot." A powerful upper-level ridge of the Azores anticyclone stretches from Morocco through Italy to Ukraine. This atmospheric wave compresses hot air closer to the Earth's surface, preventing it from rising and cooling.

This mechanism hinders the formation of rain clouds and traps scorching African air over the territory. Atmospheric currents carry this heat as far as the Baltic states, creating a single region of anomalously high temperatures.

Temperature Map: From +38°C in Ukraine to +46°C in Spain

Specialists predict that in early August, temperature indicators will approach historical maximums. The situation varies by region:

  • Spain: Critical heat up to +46°C is expected in southern provinces, which has already led to the declaration of the highest level of danger.
  • Poland: Thermometer readings may rise to +40°C.
  • Ukraine: Severe heat up to +35…+38°C is forecast in central and southern regions. Meanwhile, the soil surface temperature will exceed +50°C.

Heat Calendar: When to Expect the Peak in Ukraine

Meteorologists distinguish two stages of heatwave development in the coming days. The first stage, August 1 and 2, will be a relatively mild introduction to the main heat. The weather will be sunny and dry: nights will warm up to +15...+20°C, while daytime air will reach +29...+34°C.

The real peak is expected from August 3 to 6. During this period, the core of the anticyclone will completely cover central regions, including Cherkasy and Kirovohrad oblasts. It is during these days that the air temperature in the shade may reach critical levels.

The period of high temperatures will last at least until August 7. Weakening of the heat and the first signs of a change in the synoptic situation are not expected before August 8.

Risks for the Population and Energy System

Experts emphasize that the "heat dome" is covering Ukraine at a critical moment. The country's energy system, operating at the limit of its capabilities due to ongoing attacks, will face a colossal load. Mass switching on of air conditioners during peak dates (August 3–6) will inevitably provoke a power deficit.

Authorities warn of a tightening of rolling and emergency power outage schedules. Residents are strongly advised to minimize the use of energy-intensive appliances during daytime hours, stock up on drinking water, and avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight.