Amidst the ongoing war in Ukraine, citizens have two main paths to join the ranks of the Armed Forces: compulsory mobilization and voluntary service under a contract. Both options are regulated by legislation but differ fundamentally in terms of conditions, rights, and choice.

Contract Service: Freedom of Choice and Guarantees

Service under a contract allows a citizen to independently choose a specific unit and position that match their skills, qualifications, and personal interests. This is a key difference from mobilization, where assignment is centralized.

A contract can be signed without the mandatory prior visit to a Territorial Recruitment and Social Support Center (TRSSC). The procedure is simplified to attract volunteers with the necessary competencies.

Contract terms vary depending on conditions agreed upon with the command. Additionally, legislation provides for additional contracts for categories of citizens who were previously unable to serve: individuals over 60 years old, foreigners, and stateless persons.

Requirements for Candidates

To sign a contract, a candidate must pass a strict selection process. The main requirements include:

  • Medical fitness;
  • Adequate level of physical fitness (if necessary);
  • Psychological stability;
  • At least a basic level of general education.

Mobilization: Allocation Based on Needs

Citizens called up to the Defense Forces of Ukraine under mobilization are sent to serve where there is the greatest need to staff military units. Assignment to a specific unit occurs only after mandatory training.

The service term for mobilized servicemen is tied to the duration of martial law. They will be discharged to the reserve in accordance with a presidential decree after its conclusion. Early discharge is possible only on individual grounds, specifically due to health conditions or serious family circumstances.

Transitioning from Mobilization to Contract

Legislation provides flexibility in transitioning between forms of service. One can switch to contract service at any stage of mobilization service, provided they meet the requirements. To do this, the serviceman must submit a written request and complete the necessary paperwork. Afterward, they continue serving in the same unit but with the full package of guarantees provided by the contract.

Equal Rights and Social Benefits

It is important to understand that mobilized personnel and contract soldiers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine have equal rights and obligations during active duty. However, contract service provides a number of additional financial and social benefits, making this option more attractive for a long-term military career.

Against the backdrop of these procedures, on July 14, the Verkhovna Rada extended martial law and mobilization in Ukraine for another 90 days, extending the validity of all regulatory acts governing conscription and service in the armed forces.